2 Major Functions Of The Immune System – Compare and contrast innate immunity (nonspecific) and acquired immunity (specific) Compare and contrast humoral immunity and cell-mediated immunity Compare and contrast 1° and 2° responses Describe autoimmunity and its consequences breakdown.
First line of defense: Physical and chemical barriers keep pathogens out. Example: ____________________________ Example of Second Line of Defense: Host cells have Toll-like receptors (TLRs) that bind to pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) Binding to TLRs results in the release of cytokines Modulates the strength and duration of the immune response
2 Major Functions Of The Immune System
7 Immune cells 6 types of blood and tissue cells involved in IS: 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) Which are APCs? Which are phagocytes?
The Central Role Of The Gut
3 types of APCs: __________ _________ _________ are also quiescent Ms: in the lungs: in the liver: in the bones: in the brain: etc.
Are specific antigens (pathogens) involved in innate immune 1o cell types? __________________ Two subgroups: 1) ___________ 2) ___________ is systemic (= involves the whole body) is ___________ communicates using cytokines such as interleukins and interferons
15 The 5 subclasses of Igs: IgG: primary antibody in serum; + 2o primary ab during response A: primary ab Ig secreted externally E: primary ab Ig in allergic response M: ab on primitive B cells ; + 1o primary antibody during Ig D reaction: antibody on naive B cells
Solved 1. What Are The Two Major Functions Of The Lymphatic
Mainly Ig Ms 2 Immune Response: Stronger and Faster The Importance of Vaccines! become? ? < 2 h IgGs Figure 15-20
Ag must be presented by APC combined with MHC molecules TCR can only bind to the MHC-ag complex Tc activated by Th
High number of MHC alleles in the population (graft rejection when MHC mismatch) Class I MHC: present on the surface of all nuclear cells – used to present peptides from intracellular invaders or cancer cells T-cytotoxic recognition MHC I MHC Class II: T-assisted APC cell surface assay recognizes MHC II
Mapping The Developing Human Immune System Across Organs
1) The perforin molecule produces the protein channel on the target cell membrane Granzyme enters the target cell and triggers apoptosis Youtube
Similar to the initial response to bacterial infection, intracellular defense mechanisms are then required once the virus has entered the host cell. Tc → in response to MHC __ complex activation of M to release -interferon-presented viruses. These lead to __________________________
Symptoms range from tissue damage to fatal immediate hypersensitivity reactions: eg: ___________ ______________ ab-mediated (Ig___) delayed sensitization: eg: _______________ due to abnormal T cells
The Relationship Between Human Coronaviruses, Asthma And Allergy—an Unresolved Dilemma
What are allergens? Strong genetic predisposition Level of consciousness = 1o Immune response. Re-exposure: Immune Response 2o Anaphylaxis Urticaria, bronchoconstriction, and extensive vasodilation ? Immediately Fig Type HS
26 Poison oak HS type Tc cells delayed (attracted to lymphokines) release of lyase and perforin Destroys allergens and skin cells.
MHC (= HLA) is a tissue antigen 1º Establishes “self-tolerance” during T cell development ABO (and Rh) blood groups (AA, AO, BB, BO, AB, OO) Plasma Transfusion reactions with hemolysis and possible kidney damage
White Blood Cells: Function, Ranges, Types, And More
In order for this website to function properly, we record user data and share it with processors. To use this site, you must agree to our Privacy Policy, including the Cookie Policy. Dr. Clint Sexton, FMHP, Functional Medicine St. Charles, Frankfurt Functional Medicine, Functional Medicine Health Pyramid, Immune System
Your immune system is one of your body’s main regulatory systems. When this system is out of balance, it is nearly impossible to restore your health. Sometimes this system is “weak,” which leads to frequent illness and longer recovery times. However, more often than not, it gets out of balance and does more harm than good to the body!
Protect: This means finding and destroying anything that could harm you. This includes yeast, bacteria, viruses, parasites, and even unhealthy cells your body makes (aka cancer cells).
The Spleen: What Does It Do, Location, Pain, And More
Healing: Your immune system is also the main healing system in your body. When you damage any part of your body, the immune system kicks off a series of responses that remove the damaged tissue and begin the healing process. You will notice that stress/inflammation is level 4 of the functional medicine pyramid I created. Inflammation is part of the healing process, but when inflammation is out of balance, it can do more harm than good.
For example, let’s say you eat foods that cause inflammation in your body; this means that inflammation and your immune system are “fighting” a false enemy. Food itself doesn’t hurt you like a virus or parasite; so that’s why I call him a “fake” enemy; the result is the same…inflammation and immune system burden.
You’ll notice that I combine stress with inflammation at level 4; this is because excessive stress can also lead to decreased immune function and regulation. If you’re overworked, under-rested, or under a lot of emotional stress, you’re more likely to get sick and to trigger an inappropriate immune response. Stress can even cause autoimmune diseases to flare up or lead to other autoimmune diseases.
The Dynamic Role Of The Il 33/st2 Axis In Chronic Viral Infections: Alarming And Adjuvanting The Immune Response
Most of your immune system is located around your digestive tract; you can find it on level 1 of the pyramid. You will see how the lower levels of the functional medicine pyramid must be addressed if you wish to heal your immune system and experience a proper immune response. What is appropriate you ask? The immune system only attacks the real threat, not your body. When your immune system starts to mistake your body for an enemy, it’s called autoimmunity. The thyroid is one of the most common organs that the immune system attacks. This can lead to Graves’ disease or Hashimoto’s thyroiditis. The first leads to hyperthyroidism and the second eventually leads to hypothyroidism. This is one of the reasons I put my thyroid at level 6 of the pyramid.
If your digestive system is not healthy, there is no point in trying to “cure” your immune system. If your digestive system is not healthy, your ability to detoxify and keep your body and cells clean will not work properly. If your blood sugar is unbalanced, this can stress your body and cause inflammation. When this happens, your immune system is now overwhelmed with levels; so it’s either overworked and tired, or it starts making “mistakes” and attacks your own body (autoimmunity), or it fails to recognize and destroy unhealthy cells (cancer).
According to the Physiological-Logical Functional Medicine Pyramid, you will start with the digestive system (level 1). This will immediately begin to reduce the stress on your immune system and ensure you are getting the nutrients your immune system needs to function properly.
A Multilayered Immune System Through The Lens Of Unconventional T Cells
I’m not saying this pyramid is “perfect”, but it offers a very reliable and logical way to restore your health. This pyramid has nearly 20 years of clinical experience and the support of thousands of patients I have worked with. Bottom line is what works when applied correctly.
Your body is a complex network of interconnected systems. Experienced functional medicine physicians will understand this. With all the information today, it’s easy to get confused and unsure where to start. How can I be healthy? Where do I start? Do I need more bone broth or spinach smoothies? Does vitamin K need to be added to my vitamin D supplement? Will Fast Hiring Solve All My Problems? Is it my microbiome?
I want your functional healing to be simple, not complicated. I’ve always believed that true experts make complex topics easier to understand, not harder. When I was in school, I had the privilege of having a nuclear physicist as my teacher. I have to admit that I’m not a big fan of physics, but it does make a potentially complex subject easy to understand. Why? Who better to teach “fundamental” physics than nuclear physics! He’s an expert in physics!
Role Of The Gut Microbiota In Immune Regulation
In my next article, I’ll be covering my thyroid at FMHP level 6. I hope you found value in this information. I wish you health, happiness and a better quality of life!
If you would like to learn more about functional medicine and integrative medicine or Dr. Sexton, please visit
Do your own research, contact yourself and ask lots of questions. When collecting information, you must consider the source. There is no shortage of false, misleading, outdated, profit-driven, and outright biased information in healthcare today; even from the most reputable sources and institutions.
Cells And Organs Of The Immune System
This approach to healthcare is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, alleviate or prevent any disease. Why? The FDA said the words should only be used for drugs. The procedure does not use drugs. Blood is a liquid substance with three main functions: carrying nutrients, hormones, waste, etc. Regulates body temperature, pH and water balance Prevents infection and excessive blood loss by forming clots
2 Pathogens Foreign objects that enter the body and cause disease, such as: Viruses (AIDS, chicken pox, influenza) Bacteria (strep throat, E. coli)
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