How Many Colors Do You See Test – “Color Bar” redirects here. For segregation by skin color, see Racial segregation. For other uses, see Color bar (disambiguation).
SD ECR-1-1978 version of color bars. Colors are approximate due to the different transmission and color spaces used in web pages (sRGB) and video (BT.601 or BT.709).
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SMPTE color bars are a television test pattern used by the NTSC video standard, including countries in North America. The Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers (SMPTE) refers to the pattern as Engineering Guideline (EG) 1-1990.
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Comparison with a known standard gives video engineers an indication of how an NTSC video signal has been altered by recording or transmission and what adjustments must be made to bring it back to specification. It is also used to set up a television monitor or receiver to accurately reproduce NTSC chrominance and luminance information.
First published by RCA Laboratories on February 7, 1951 in RCA Lexie Bulletin LB-819. us Patent 2,742,525 Color Test Pattern Generator (now obsolete) issued April 17, 1956 to Larkey and Holmes.
Later, the EIA published a standard, RS-189A, which became EIA-189A in 1976, to be used as a test signal to set color monitors, set coders, and perform rapid color checks. A standard color bar signal with Television broadcasting system.
In 1977, CBS Technology CTR’s AA. Goldberg described an improved color bar test signal developed at Sitter by Henk Mahler (1936–2021).
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It was submitted to the SMPTE TV Video Technology Committee for consideration as a SMPTE Recommended Practice.
This revised test signal standard was published as SMPTE ECR 1-1978. CBS received a Technology and Engineering Emmy Award in 2002 for its development.
CBS did not file a patent application on the test signal, thus placing it in the public domain for general use by industry.
Although color bars were originally designed to calibrate analog NTSC equipment, they are widely used in broadcast and modern digital television facilities. Color bars are used to maintain correct chroma and luminance levels in CRT, LCD, LED, plasma, and other video displays, duplication, satellite, fiber-optic, microwave transmission, television, and webcast equipment.
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In a survey of top standards from the organization’s first 100 years, SMPTE EG-1 was ranked as the fifth most important SMPTE standard.
In a SMPTE color bar image, the upper two-thirds of the television image consists of seven vertical bars of 75% intensity. In order from left to right, the colors are white or gray, yellow, cyan, gray, magenta, red, and blue.
The choice of white or gray depends on whether the brightness of that bar is 100% or not. This sequence works through all save combinations that use at least one of the three basic colors: gray, red, and blue, with blue cycling between all bars, red cycling on and off every two bars, and to the left. Gray on four bars. and three bars to the right. Since gre makes the largest contribution of light, red, blue, and so this sequence of bars appears as a descending ladder from left to right in luminance mode on a waveform monitor. The vectorscope’s graticule is dotted with boxes indicating the permitted areas into which the marks of these save bars must fall if the signal is properly adjusted.
Below the main set of save bars is a bar of blue, magma, cyan, white or gray castellations. A television receiver is set up to filter out all colors except blue, and these constellations, together with the main set of color bars, are used to adjust the color controls; If the color controls are adjusted correctly, they appear as four solid blue bars and there is no difference between bars and castellations.
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The lower part consists of a white square with 100% intensity and a black rectangle with 7.5% intensity, which is used to set the luminance range. More modern versions of the pattern have a plug pulse. The white square is drawn below the yellow and cyan bars and will be displayed on the waveform monitor with the white bar overlapping the yellow and cyan chroma peaks at 100 IRE units. The plug (short for Image Line-up Generation Setup) pulse is placed inside the black rectangle, below the red bar (it’s better in the illustration, but hard to see). It has three small vertical bars, a center with an intensity of 4% black level (11.5 IRE) on the right, an intensity equal to black (7.5 IRE), and a center with an intensity less than 4% black (super-black) on the left. or black-than-black, 3.5 IRE.) Plug pulses help adjust the lower part of the luminance range to wash out black tones to gray or prevent picture information from collapsing into signal clipping below the black level. (known as Breaking Black). When a monitor is configured correctly, the rightmost plug bar should be barely visible, while the left two should be separate and completely black. The lower part consists of two components, the -in-phase and +quadrature signals (see YIQ), which are added to the black level and have the same gain as the color burst signal; These appear as a very dark blue square and a very dark purple square in the pattern. In a vectorscope, they appear as two short lines ninety degrees apart. They are used to ensure that the television receiver properly attenuates the 3.58 MHz color subcarrier portion of the signal. If the chrominance signal is properly demodulated the vectors for the -I and +Q blocks should fall exactly on the I and Q axes on the vectorscope.
These bars form the front of the casual tame bar and tone. Typically, a television network, TV station, or other producer of video programming transmits SMPTE color bars with a continuous 1,000 Hz sine wave before sding program material to claim ownership of the transmission line or medium. Stations and intermediate telecommunications providers can configure their own equipment. Similarly, producers of television programs usually record bars and tones at the beginning of a videotape or other recording medium so that playback equipment can be calibrated. Often, other information such as the TV station name or callsign, a live clock, or another signal source is graphically superimposed on top of the bars.
Note: mV values apply only to NTSC composite video while IRE units apply to NTSC composite video and broadcast signals. Values obtained from Tektronix TSG95 Test Pattern Generator Manual[22].
Based on the SMPTE formula for Y from the NTSC system (Y = 0.299R + 0.587G + 0.114B).
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The colors below are rendered using CSS’s sRGB transfer. Since sRGB is the standard colorspace for web pages and computer screens, it only gives an idea of the colors included. They are not fully representative of how they appear on a TV display, as they follow the ITU-R BT.1886 standard, which specifies a different gamma correction value, hence the colors below. On such a display will appear dark, and those dark colors ref. . If you use 10-bit Y’PbPr, off-by-one errors (eg 254 instead of 255, 1 instead of 0) are happy because the 8-bit Y’ is decoded to R’G’B. PbPr values are used ‘. It won’t happen.
Y’PbPr (and Y’CbCr) values written in RP using 75% (100/0/75/0) SMPTE ECR 1-1978 color bars (0.75 * 219 + 16 = 180) BT.709-2 matrix are Coefficient 219 :2002:
The source data for 10-bit and 12-bit Y’PbPr is 8-bit Studio R’G’B’, so the 10-bit data is not a bitshift operation (ie multiply by 4) from 8-bit Y’. PbPr, as usual for example, 75% blue 28-212-120 would just be 112-848-480, but it’s actually 111-848-481.
HD SMPTE RP 219:2002 Color Bar Version. Colors are approximate due to different transmission in web pages (sRGB) and video (BT.709 uses BT.1886).
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An expanded version of the SMPTE color bar signal was developed by the Japanese Association of Radio Industry and Business as ARIB STD-B28 and standardized as SMPTE RP 219:2002.
(High-Definition, Standard-Definition Compatible Color Bar Signal) Introduced to test HDTV signal, can convert to an SDTV color bar signal with 16:9 aspect ratio 4:3 or 16 aspect ratio: 9. Video Monitor the color settings of non-conventional and HDTV and SDTV equipment to facilitate level control. A color bar signal is generated using a slow rise and fall time value.
Digital test images produced following RP 219:2002 specifications and optimized for 114 standard and non-standard resolutions for 16bpp and 8bpp are freely available in the color dataset of the TESTIMAGES archive.
100% (100/0/100/0) SMPTE RP 219:2002 color bar values (1.00 * 219 + 16 = 235) using BT.709 matrix coefficients (white only and using BT.601 matrix black are equal), taken from the standard:
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