Pumpkins_ _history_and_lore

Pumpkins_ _history_and_lore – A pumpkin is a cultivar of winter squash that is round with smooth, slightly ribbed skin, and is very deep yellow to orange in color.

The thick shell contains edible seeds and pulp. This name is usually used for species of Cucurbita pepo, but Cucurbita maxima, C. Argyrosperma, etc. Some varieties of Moschata are also sometimes called “pumpkins”.

Pumpkins_ _history_and_lore

The pumpkin is one of the oldest domesticated plants, which was used from 7,000 to 5,500 BC.

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For example, pumpkin pie is a traditional part of the Thanksgiving meal in Canada and the United States, and pumpkins are often carved as jack-o-lanterns for decoration around Halloween, although commercially canned pumpkin puree and pumpkin pie fillings are usually used. made from Varieties of winter squash differ from those used for jack-o’-lanterns.

According to the Oxford Glish Dictionary, the Glish word pumpkin ensit comes from the Greek word πέπων (Romanized pepon), which means ‘watermelon’.

Under this theory, the word evolved through the Latin word peponem and the Middle French word pompon into the Early Modern Glish Pompeian, which was changed to pumpkin by the 17th century Glish settlers, shortly after the resistance of the pumpkin upon their arrival in the Northeast. United states.

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The word may have been used by the Wampanoag people (who speak the Wôpanâak dialect of Massachusetts) who introduced pumpkins to the Pilgrims at the Plymouth Colony in Massachusetts for the day.

In North America and the United Kingdom, pumpkin usually refers to the round, orange variety of winter squash, mainly derived from Cucurbita pepo, while in New Zealand and Australian Glish the term pumpkin refers to all winter squash.

Traditional c. Pepo pumpkins weigh between 3 and 8 kg (6 and 18 lb), although the largest cultivars (species C. maxima) regularly reach weights of 34 kg (75 lb).

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Pumpkins get their color from orange carotoid pigments, which include beta-cryptoxanthin, alpha and beta-carotene, which are all provitamin A compounds that are converted to vitamin A in the body.

All pumpkins are winter squash, the ripe fruit of certain species of Cucurbita gossus. Characteristics commonly used to define a “pumpkin” include smooth and slightly ribbed skin,

A giant pumpkin is a large squash that looks like a pumpkin that grows to an extraordinary size, with a mass of more than a ton.

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Most are varieties of Cucurbita maxima, and were developed through the efforts of botanical societies and enthusiastic farmers.

In 2020, world production of pumpkins (including squash and gourds) was 28 million tonnes, with China accounting for 27% of the total. Ukraine and Russia have produced about one million tons.

As one of the most popular crops in the United States, 680 million kilograms (1.5 billion pounds) of pumpkin were produced in 2017.

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According to the Illinois Department of Agriculture, 95% of US crops destined for processing are grown in Illinois.

And 41% of the total pumpkin crop for all uses comes from the state, more than five times more than the nearest competitor (California, whose pumpkin industry is concentrated in the San Joaquin Valley), and the majority of it comes from the five counties in ctral. part of the state.

Nestlé, operating under the brand name of Libby, produces 85% of its processed pumpkin in the United States at its plant in Morton, Illinois. In the fall of 2009, rains in Illinois destroyed the Nestlé crop, resulting in shortages affecting the tire country during the Thanksgiving holiday season, with a relatively weak 2008 crop reducing that year’s inventory.

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The pumpkin crop grown in the western United States, which accounts for about 3-4% of the national crop, is primarily for the organic market.

Pumpkin is a warm season crop that is usually planted in early July. Specific conditions for growing pumpkins require soil temperatures 8 cm (3 in) deep to be at least 15.5 °C (60 °F) and well-drained soil. Pumpkin crops can be affected when water shortages or cold temperatures (in this case below 18 degrees Celsius or 65 degrees Fahrenheit) occur. Sandy soils with low water retention or poorly drained soils that become waterlogged after heavy rainfall are harmful. However, pumpkins are quite hardy, and if many leaves and parts of the vine are removed or damaged, the plant can quickly grow secondary vines to replace them.

In the US, pumpkins have historically been pollinated by the native squash bee, Peponapis pruinosa, but that bee has declined, possibly in part due to insecticide (imidacloprid) sensitivity.

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Ground-based bees, such as squash bees and eastern bumblebees, are well-suited to managing the large pollen grains that make pumpkins.

But nowadays, most commercial plants are pollinated by beehives, which also allows the production and sale of honey produced by bees from pumpkin pollen. The US Department of Agriculture recommends one wound per acre (0.4 ha, or five wounds per 2 ha). If there aren’t enough bees for pollination, gardeners may need to pollinate by hand. Inadequately pollinated pumpkins start to grow normally but do not develop.

In a 100 g (3.5 oz) serving, raw pumpkin provides 110 kilojoules (26 kcal) of food energy and is an excellent source of provitamin A beta-carotene and vitamin A (53% or more of the Daily Value, DV). % DV) (Table). Vitamin C in moderate amounts (11% DV), but none of the other nutrients in significant amounts (less than 10% DV, Table). Pumpkin is 92% water, 6.5% carbohydrates, 0.1% fat and 1% protein (table).

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Pumpkin has many culinary uses. Most parts of the pumpkin are edible, including the fleshy shell, seeds, leaves and flowers. In the United States and Canada, pumpkins are a popular Halloween and Thanksgiving staple.

When ripe, pumpkin can be boiled, steamed or roasted. In his native North America, pumpkin is an important part of the traditional autumn harvest, something spice

And makes its way into soups and purees. Often it is made into pumpkin pie, variations of which are a traditional staple of the Canadian and American Thanksgiving holidays. In Canada, Mexico, the United States, Europe and China, the seeds are often roasted and eaten as a snack.

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Pumpkins that are still small and gray can be eaten like summer squash or zucchini. In the Middle East, pumpkin is used for sweet dishes; A famous sweet dish called Halwa Yaktin. In the Indian subcontinent, pumpkin is called kadu ka halwa with butter, sugar and spices. Pumpkin is used to make sambar in Udupi cuisine. In China’s Guangxi province, the leaves of the pumpkin plant are eaten as a vegetable or in soups. In Australia and New Zealand, pumpkin is often roasted in combination with other vegetables. In Japan, small pumpkins are served in savory dishes, including tempura. In Myanmar, pumpkin is used in cooking and sweets (chocolate). The seeds are a popular sunflower seed substitute. In Thailand, small pumpkins are steamed with custard inside and served as dessert. In Vietnam, pumpkin is usually cooked in soup with pork or shrimp. In Italy it can be used as a delicious filling for ravioli with cheese. Pumpkin can also be used to flavor both alcoholic and non-alcoholic drinks.

In the southwestern United States and Mexico, pumpkin and squash blossoms are a popular and widely available food. They can be used to garnish dishes, or dredged in batter fried in oil. Pumpkin leaves are a popular vegetable in the western and ctral region of Cayo; They are called Sevev, and are part of Mukimo,

Respectively, while the pumpkin itself is usually boiled or steamed. The seeds are popular with children who roast them in a pan before eating them. Pumpkin leaves are also eaten in Zambia, where they are called chibwabwa and are boiled and cooked with peanut paste as a side dish.

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Pumpkin seeds, also known as pepitas, are edible and nutritious. They are about 1.5 centimeters (0.5 in) long, flat, asymmetrically oval, light gray in color and usually covered with a white husk, although some pumpkin species produce seeds without them. Pumpkin seeds are a popular snack that can be found hulled or semi-hulled in most grocery stores. Per ounce serving, pumpkin seeds are a good source of protein, magnesium, copper and zinc.

Pumpkin seed oil, the thick oil pressed from roasted pumpkin seeds, appears red or gray in color depending on the oil layer thickness, container properties, and the observer’s vision.

Used in cooking or as a salad dressing, pumpkin seed oil is mixed with other oils because of its strong taste.

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Pumpkin has been used by Native Americans as a folk medicine to treat intestinal worms and urinary ailments, and this Native American remedy was adopted by American doctors in the early nineteenth century as an anthelmintic to expel worms.

In Germany and southeastern Europe, c. Pepo seeds were also used as a folk remedy for the treatment of urinary and large prostatic hyperplasia.

In China, C. moschata seeds were also used in traditional Chinese medicine to treat the parasitic disease schistosomiasis.

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. Pumpkin seed meal (C. moschata) represents a rich source of nutrients for feeding poultry.