What Is An Immune System Disorder – Autoimmune diseases are disorders in which the immune system mistakenly attacks the body. Normally, the immune system protects the body from pathogens such as bad bacteria and viruses, sending out an army of fighter cells to attack these foreign and potentially dangerous invaders when it sees them. .
The immune system can tell the difference between which are foreign cells and which are your own cells. But in the case of autoimmune disease, your immune system mistakes a part of your body, such as your joints, skin, nerves, thyroid gland, adrenal glands, or blood cells, as abnormal. Therefore, it sends autoantibodies (antibodies) to attack perfectly healthy cells.
What Is An Immune System Disorder
Some autoimmune diseases affect only one body (such as type 1 diabetes which damages the pancreas), while other disorders (such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)) attack the whole body (1).
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Autoimmune disease causes, risk factors and risk groups – why does the immune system attack itself? Scientists still don’t know exactly what causes this type of immune system malfunction. However, some people may be at a higher risk of developing autoimmune disease than others.
There are over 100 different autoimmune diseases. Here are the 18 most common (2, 27):
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The immune system is the body’s tool for preventing or blocking infection. Without it, the body will not be able to resist attacks from bacteria, viruses, parasites and more.
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A fully functioning immune system can distinguish a healthy body from unwanted substances. If it detects something unwanted, it will launch an immune response – a complex attack to protect the body from invaders. It also identifies and removes dead and damaged cells.
However, the immune system does not always agree. For example, sometimes it is unable to fight effectively because the person has a medical condition or needs certain drugs that affect how the system works.
In autoimmune diseases and allergies, the immune system mistakenly perceives healthy tissues as weak and launches an unnecessary attack, leading to unpleasant and sometimes dangerous symptoms.
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This article will look at some of the main parts of the immune system and how they protect the body against viruses and other invaders. It will also look at problems that may occur with the immune system.
The lymphatic system forms a network similar to blood vessels. It carries a substance called serum instead of blood. Lymph is fluid
White blood cells are always looking for viruses. When they find one, they start to multiply and send signals to other cell types to do the same.
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New from unhealthy cells and tissues to function properly. It does this by recognizing signals called DAMPS – danger-associated molecular patterns.
In most cases, the antigen is a bacteria, fungus, virus, toxin or foreign body. But it can also be a defective or dead cell.
The immune system detects molecular patterns associated with the pathogen – PAMPs – in the antigen. In this way, many parts of the system recognize the antigen as a predator and launch an attack.
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Lymphocytes begin life in the bone marrow. Some remain in the fat and develop into B lymphocytes (B cells); others travel to the thymus and become T lymphocytes (T cells). These two cell types have different roles.
B lymphocytes make antibodies and help stimulate T lymphocytes. T lymphocytes destroy infected cells in the body and help activate other leukocytes.
When B-lymphocytes detect an antigen (antibody producers), they begin to remove antibodies. Antibodies are special proteins that bind to specific antigens.
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Each B cell makes a specific antibody. For example, one may make an antibody against the bacteria that causes pneumonia, and another may recognize the cold virus.
Antibodies are part of a large family of chemicals called immunoglobulins, which play many roles in the immune response:
Antibodies penetrate the antigen but do not kill it – they just mark it for death. Killing is a function of other cells, such as phagocytes.
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Helper T cells (Th cells) coordinate the immune response. Some interact with other cells, and some cause B cells to produce more antibodies. Others attract more T cells or cell-eating phagocytes.
Cytotoxic T lymphocytes attack other cells. They are also useful for fighting viruses. They work by recognizing small parts of the virus outside of infected cells and destroying the infected cells.
Also a type of lymphocyte, these are granules with strong chemicals. They are useful in attacking many types of unwanted cells.
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Overall, the immune system becomes stronger upon exposure to various pathogens. As people get older, they are exposed to more pathogens and develop more immunity.
When the body produces an antibody, it stores a copy so that if the same antigen appears again, the body can deal with it more quickly.
If an unvaccinated person has measles once, it is rare to get it again. In both cases, the body keeps antibodies against measles. The antibody is ready to destroy the virus the next time it appears. This is called immunity.
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Our body’s external barriers – the first line of defense against pathogens – such as the skin and mucous membranes in the throat and intestines.
If viruses manage to bypass the immune system, macrophages will attack them. Macrophages will also produce substances called cytokines, which trigger an inflammatory response.
Thanks to vaccinations and exposure to various diseases, the body develops a number of antibodies against different viruses. Sometimes doctors
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For example, a newborn receives antibodies from the mother through prenatal delivery and in breast milk after birth.
The most common method is to introduce antigens or weakened viruses into people so that the individual produces the viruses and does not get sick.
Because the body stores copies of antibodies, it is protected if the threat reappears later in life.
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There are many ways that the immune system can go wrong. The types of immune disorders fall into three categories:
These conditions can increase a person’s risk of getting sick or experiencing severe symptoms, as the COVID-19 pandemic has shown.
Healthy cells versus pathogens or defective cells. It is unable to differentiate between healthy and unhealthy cells and tissues.
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Often this will happen in a part of the body, for example the pancreas. The destruction of beta cells in the pancreas means the body
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In an excessive or inappropriate manner. It attacks everyday objects, such as dust, as if they were pathogens.
A severe reaction can lead to anaphylactic shock, where the body overreacts to an allergen that can be life-threatening.
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Human defenses are born with, including the skin, mucous membranes and various components of the immune system.
Immunity is acquired from vaccinations and exposure to diseases. These make the body develop antigens that can help it fight the same disease the second time.
Passive immunity is protection that comes from another person, for example when a newborn baby is temporarily protected against certain diseases because the mother is immune.
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The immune system is a complex system that is essential for survival. When the body encounters dangerous invaders, such as a virus or a finger in the finger, it launches an attack to destroy the viruses.
Humans are born with some type of immunity, but exposure to disease and vaccination can also help boost the body’s immune system.
Some people have a weakened immune system due to a health problem or drug use. A doctor can advise how to protect a person’s health when living with a weakened immune system.
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