What Other Systems Work With The Immune System – 2 PROTECTION How do the integumentary, immune and lymphatic systems work together to protect the body? These systems work to protect the body from infection. The integumentary system (skin) is the first line of defense against infection, and all invading pathogens are destroyed and eliminated by the immune and lymphatic systems.
Purpose: Protection: Protects deeper tissues (organs) Blocks UV rays Prevents the entry of pathogens into the body Promotes temperature regulation (sweating or chilling)
What Other Systems Work With The Immune System
Prevents dehydration Produces vitamin D – from sunlight Vitamin D increases calcium absorption for bone health Promotes elimination of waste (salt) Sensory organs (heat, cold , pressure and pain)
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The epidermis is the outer layer, site of rapid cell division (mitosis), production of keratin and melanin. Melanocytes – provide pigmentation to the skin and protect against UV rays.
Dermis – the inner layer, contains the main structure of the skin Collagen, blood vessels, nerve endings, glands, sensory receptors, hair follicles Subcutaneous fat – adipose tissue, provides thermal insulation of the body.
Simple Complex Animal Taxon Simple Indigestion Vertebrate Adaptation Simple integumentary system used mainly for dispersal. Diffusion allows the movement of gases, nutrients, fluids, and waste products in and out of the body to maintain homeostasis. The more complex integumentary system. Used to maintain body temperature, fluid and salt levels. There are nerve receptors, glands, subcutaneous tissue, hair follicles to interpret the environment. Diagram of adaptation Some organisms have structures such as feathers, scales and mucous glands for added protection and support. Examples: jellyfish, flatworms, earthworms, sponges, mammals, reptiles, amphibians, fish, birds.
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10 Fun Facts: Believe it or not, the integumentary system is the largest organ system, and your skin is the largest organ in your body.
The skin is the first line of defense in the immune response. The body’s temperature is regulated by the circulatory system and the skin. The skin and excretory system excrete water, urea, salts and other waste products in sweat. Receptors of the nervous system are found in the skin.
Collects fluids lost from the blood while transporting nutrients to the body’s cells and returns them to the bloodstream. Contributes to the immune system in the production, storage and transmission of white matter. A network of blood vessels and their associated organs: 1. lymph – fluid in the blood vessels 2. blood vessels – move lymph throughout the body 3. lymph nodes – tissue-filled areas that filter lymph; they deposit leukocytes
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Tonsils – filters and destroys bacteria; thymus – produces hormones that promote the maturation of T-cells; T-cells recognize foreign pathogens Spleen – removes worn-out red blood cells from the immune system; white blood cells that digest and destroy bacteria.
17 Recirculation: The lymphatic system removes fluid from the surrounding tissues and returns it to the blood. As this fluid passes through the lymph nodes, the white blood cells attack and kill the pathogen.
The lymphatic system works with the circulatory system to maintain homeostasis of body fluids. The lymphatic system plays a role in the immune system by producing white blood cells and destroying infections in the lymph nodes and spleen. The excretory system removes excess fluid.
The Immune Response
19 Function of the immune system: The immune system protects the body from disease by producing specialized cells that eliminate or destroy pathogens.
The part of the system – there are special cells and organs that respond to the presence of the pathogen. The skin is the body’s first line of defense (also part of the integumentary system). these antigens. Macrophages are a type of white blood cell that ingest and destroy these antigens. Mouse macrophages extend their “arms” (pseudopodia) to digest pathogens 2
1. Primary defense (pathogens do not enter the body) The skin and other non-specific defenses such as mucous membranes, saliva and tears trap and destroy pathogens.
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If the pathogen enters the body, it causes an inflammatory reaction – the tissue becomes swollen and painful due to the accumulation of white blood cells.
23 Chemicals released by the immune system cause fever (high body temperature); High temperatures can kill some bacteria and viruses. White blood cells called macrophages digest and destroy pathogens.
3. Third line of defense (the pathogen overcomes the first and second lines of defense) Immune response 1. Triggered by antigens; viruses, bacteria or other pathogens. 2. T cells and B cells recognize specific pathogens and produce antibodies that will help destroy the invader and protect us the next time it enters the body. This process is called immunity. 3. The reaction to re-infection with the same virus is faster. Antigen Antibody Antigen binding site
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26 **HIV virus that causes AIDS or Immune Deficiency Syndrome. It attacks special T cells called helper T cells. **Penicillin and other antibiotics can also help the immune system, but remember that antibiotics only kill bacteria! **Vaccines work by mimicking the body’s natural immune system. There are viruses, bacteria, or toxins (vaccines) created by the body. The body then produces antibodies. If a vaccinated person is exposed to a real virus, bacteria, or toxin, they will not get sick.
The skin’s integumentary system is the first line of defense of the immune system. The digestive system carries immune cells throughout the body. The bones of the skeletal system produce lymphocytes and macrophages.
In order for this website to function, we collect user data and pass it on to a processor. To use this website, you must agree to our privacy policy, including our cookie policy. Anatomy & Physiology BC 12 (June 2018) 12 Key Points: Organ systems have complex interactions to maintain homeostasis
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Every day you find something that can make you sick. From bacteria to viruses to fungi, the world around you is full of pathogens. A pathogen is an organism (usually microorganisms) that can cause disease. But despite all these infections, you can still be healthy.
This is because of your immune system, a series of defense mechanisms in your body that work 24 hours a day, 7 days a week to keep you healthy. The immune system consists of specialized cells, proteins such as enzymes, and antibodies. This includes parts of your body that you may not have thought of as part of your immune system, like your skin!
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Imagine you cut your finger and bacteria entered the wound. Let’s take a look at the battle your body is fighting to stay healthy.
Your security system has three levels of protection. If a pathogen passes through one level, the next level gets it.
Your first line of defense is your immune system. The first level of this system consists of physical barriers such as skin and airway mucosa. Tears, sweat, saliva, and secretions from the skin and mucous membranes are also physical barriers. These quick and simple steps can eliminate some pathogens before they reach your body or blood.
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For example, your skin is a physical barrier that prevents pathogens from entering the body. But if you cut the skin with your finger, bacteria can enter your body. At this point, the next phase of your immune system will begin.
Did you know? There is a difference between illness and disease. Infections occur when microorganisms enter and multiply in your body. Infection occurs when an infection damages your cells and causes symptoms. What is the body’s second line of defense against infection?
The second level of the innate immune system is made up of cells and proteins that attack invaders. Natural defense mechanisms are not defined. In other words, no matter what pathogen your body is fighting, the reaction is the same and only cells and proteins work.
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Cells called phagocytes live in your tissues and blood vessels. Macrophages and neutrophils are two types of phagocytes. The phagocytes recognize when something that does not belong to your body enters and starts working. They destroy the invaders through a process called phagocytosis.
First, the macrophage identifies the invader and binds it. Then it absorbs it and breaks it down with the help of lysosomes. It damages the attacker. Macrophages also sound the alarm by producing proteins called cytokines to recruit other types of white blood cells to help. These other types of white blood cells are called neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils.
Neutrophils make up 40-70% of leukocytes (leukocytes). Their main function is to absorb and destroy (phagocytosis) bacteria and fungi. Eosinophils make up only 5% or less of white blood cells. There is a poison that can kill an infection too big to drink. They also secrete proteins involved in inflammation.
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This line of defense is often enough to ward off the disease.
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